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%%  
%%  UT-THESIS.TEX
%%  Copyright (c) 1999 by Francois Pitt
%%  Last Update: 1999 May 13
%%  
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%%  
%%  This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but
%%  without any warranty (without even the implied warranty of
%%  fitness for a particular purpose).  For a description of this
%%  file's purpose, and instructions on its use, see below.
%%  
%%  Feel free to copy and redistribute this file, as long as this
%%  copyright notice remains intact and this file is distributed
%%  along with the companion file `ut-thesis.cls'.
%%  
%%  (Thanks to Robert Bernecky for his suggestions on improving the
%%  usefulness and readability of this file.)
%%  
%%  Send all bugs, questions, comments, suggestions, etc. to the
%%  author, at <fpitt@cs.utoronto.ca>.
%%  
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%  
%%  Skeleton LaTeX2e file for the preparation of theses at UofT;
%%  conforms to the School of Graduate Studies' guidelines of 07/97.
%%  To be used in conjunction with class file `ut-thesis.cls', whose
%%  features it illustrates.
%%  
%%  To comment out parts of a file, use the macro \ignore{...}
%%  around the entire block of text you want to ignore.
%%  
%%  To explicitly set the pagestyle of any inserted blank page when
%%  \cleardoublepage occurs, use one of \clearemptydoublepage or
%%  \clearplaindoublepage instead.
%%  
%%  For single-spaced quotes or quotations, use the `longquote' and
%%  `longquotation' environments.  For single-spaced, 1 1/2-spaced,
%%  or double-spaced paragraphs, use one of the environments
%%  `singlespaced', `oneandahalfspaced', or `doublespaced'.  More
%%  generally, for paragraphs with a line spacing of `n', use
%%  `\begin{newspacing}{n}...\end{newspacing}'.
%%  
%%  All other environments, commands, and options provided by the
%%  `ut-thesis' class will be described below, at the point where
%%  they should appear in the document.
%%  
%%  See the companion file `ut-thesis.cls' for more details.
%%  
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%%%%%%%%%%%%         PREAMBLE         %%%%%%%%%%%%

%% Default settings format a final copy (12pt font, single-sided,
%% double-spaced, normal margins, single-spaced notes).  For a rough
%% copy (10pt font, double-sided, double-spaced, normal margins, with
%% the word "DRAFT" printed at each corner of every page), use the
%% `draft' option.  The default line spacing can be changed with one
%% of the following options: `singlespaced', `oneandahalfspaced', or
%% `doublespaced'.  The notes are always single-spaced by default, but
%% can be made to have the same spacing as the rest of the document by
%% using the option `spacednotes'.  The size of the margins can be
%% changed with one of the following options: `narrowmargins' (1 1/4"
%% left, 3/4" others), `normalmargins' (1 1/4" left, 1" others),
%% `widemargins' (1 1/4" all), `extrawidemargins' (1 1/2" all).  Any
%% other standard option for the `report' document class can be used
%% to override the default or draft settings.

%% ***   Add any desired options.   ***
\documentclass{ut-thesis}

%% ***   Add \usepackage declarations here.   ***
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,latexsym,amsmath,amsthm}%Standards ams
                                %math packages
\usepackage{graphicx}% Include figure files
\usepackage{dcolumn}% Align table columns on decimal point
\usepackage{bm}% bold math
\usepackage{braket}%Dirac notation helper
\usepackage{youngtab}%needed for Young tableaux (\young) and Young
                     %diagrams (\yng)
\usepackage{psfrag}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{subfigure}
\newcommand{\ri}{\mathrm{i}}
\newcommand{\eye}{\mathbb I}
\newenvironment{custommargins}[2]%
  {\addtolength{\leftskip}{#1}\addtolength{\rightskip}{#2}}{\par}
\newenvironment{changemargin}[2]{%
  \begin{list}{}{%
    \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
    \setlength{\leftmargin}{#1}%
    \setlength{\rightmargin}{#2}%
    \setlength{\listparindent}{\parindent}%
    \setlength{\itemindent}{\parindent}%
    \setlength{\parsep}{\parskip}%
  }%
  \item[]}{\end{list}}



%% The line spacing of the document should be specified using one of
%% the document options given above, but if you need a line spacing
%% that is not provided by the options, you can override the default
%% line spacing for the entire document with the command
%%   `\linespacing{...}'.
%% Note that in order to get the correct appearance, the argument to
%% `\linespacing' must be equal to 1/3 + 2/3 times the desired line
%% spacing (for example, single-spaced = \linespacing{1},
%%                        1 1/2-spaced = \linespacing{1.33}, and
%%                       double-spaced = \linespacing{1.66}).

%% ***   Uncomment and fill in a value, if needed.    ***
%% ***   REMEMBER: You should NOT need to use this.  Use one of   ***
%% ***   the document class options mentionned above instead.     ***
%\linespacing{}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%                                                                  %%
%%                  ***   I M P O R T A N T   ***                   %%
%%                                                                  %%
%%  Fill in the following fields with the required information:     %%
%%   - \degree{...}       name of the degree obtained               %%
%%   - \department{...}   name of the graduate department           %%
%%   - \gradyear{...}     year of graduation                        %%
%%   - \author{...}       name of the author                        %%
%%   - \title{...}        title of the thesis                       %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% ***   Change this example to appropriate values.   ***
\degree{Doctor of Philosophy}
\department{Physics}
\gradyear{2008}
\author{Rob Adamson}
\title{Characterization of Quantum States of Light}

%% ***   NOTE   ***
%% Put here all other formatting commands that belong in the preamble.


%% For example, to list only down to subsections in table of contents
%% (-1=part, 0=chapter, 1=section, 2=subsection, 3=subsubsection,
%%  4=paragraph, 5=subparagraph, 6=subsubparagraph).
%
\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}


%%%%%%%%%%%%      MAIN  DOCUMENT      %%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{document}

\message{ !name(thesis.tex) !offset(-3) }


%% ***   NOTE   ***
%% You should put all of your `\newcommand', `\newenvironment', and
%% `\newtheorem's (in other words, all the global definitions that
%% you will need throughout your thesis) in a separate file and use
%% "\input{filename}" to input it here.


%% This sets the page style and numbering for preliminary sections.
\begin{preliminary}

%% This generates the title page from the information given above.
\maketitle

%% There should be NOTHING between the title page and abstract.

%% This generates the abstract page, with the line spacing adjusted
%% according to SGS guidelines.
\begin{abstract}
%% ***   Put your Abstract here.   ***
%% (At most 150 words for M.Sc. or 350 words for Ph.D.
I present a series of experimental and theoretical advances in the
field of quantum state estimation.  Techniques for measuring the
quantum state of light that were originally developed for distinguishable
photons fail when the particles are indistinguishable.  I develop new
methods for handling indistinguishability in quantum state
estimation.  The technique I present provides the first complete
description of states of experimentally indistinguishable photons.  It allows me to derive the number of
parameters needed to describe an arbitrary state and to
quantify distinguishability.  I demonstrate its use by applying it to the measurement of the
quantum polarization state of two and three-photon systems.

State characterization is optimal when no redundant information is
collected about the state of the system.  I present the results of the
first optimal characterization of the polarization state of a
two-photon system.  I show an improved estimation
power over the previous state of the art.  I also show how the optimal
measurements lead to a new description of the quantum state in terms
of a discrete Wigner function.

It is often desireable to describe the quantum state of a system in terms of a
properties that are not themselves quantum-mechanical observables.  This
usually requires a full characterization of the state followed by a
calculation of the properties from the parameters characterizing the state.  
I apply a technique that allows such properties to be
determined directly, without a full characterization of the state.
The application of the technique to the measurement of the purity
offers new insights into how mixed states behave in
quantum optics.  
\end{abstract}

%% Anything placed between the abstract and table of contents will
%% appear on a separate page since the abstract ends with \newpage
%% and the table of contents starts with \clearpage.

%% This generates a "dedication" section, if needed.
%% (uncomment to have it appear in the document)
%\begin{dedication}
%% ***   Put your Dedication here.   ***
%\end{dedication}

%% The `dedication' and `acknowledgements' sections do not create new
%% pages so if you want the two sections to appear on separate pages,
%% you should put an explicit \newpage between them.

%% This generates an "acknowledgements" section, if needed.
%% (uncomment to have it appear in the document)
%\begin{acknowledgements}
%% ***   Put your Acknowledgements here.   ***
%\end{acknowledgements}

%% This generates the Table of Contents (on a separate page).
\tableofcontents

%% This generates the List of Tables (on a separate page), if needed.
%% (uncomment to have it appear in the document)
%\listoftables

%% This generates the List of Figures (on a separate page), if needed.
%% (uncomment to have it appear in the document)
%\listoffigures

%% End of the preliminary sections: reset page style and numbering.
\end{preliminary}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%  Put your Chapters here; the easiest way to do this is to keep   %%
%%  each chapter in a separate file and `\include' all the files    %%
%%  right here.  Note that each chapter file should start with the  %%
%%  line "\chapter{ChapterName}".  Note that using `\include'       %%
%%  instead of `\input' makes each chapter start on a new page.     %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% ***   Include chapter files here.   ***
\include{chapter1}
\include{chapter2}
\include{chapter3}
\include{chapter4}
\include{chapter5}
\include{chapter6}
%% This adds a line for the Bibliography in the Table of Contents.
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Bibliography}
%% ***   Set the bibliography style.   ***
%% (change according to your preference)
\bibliographystyle{plain}
%% ***   Set the bibliography file.   ***
%% ("thesis.bib" by default; change if needed)
\bibliography{/host/Rob/paper}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  Appendices %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\appendix	% don't forget this line if you have appendices!

\input appendix.tex			% file with Appendix A contents

%% ***   NOTE   ***
%% If you don't use bibliography files, comment out the previous line
%% and use \begin{thebibliography}...\end{thebibliography}.  (In that
%% case, you should probably put the bibliography in a separate file
%% and `\include' or `\input' it here).

\end{document}

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%%  End of UT-THESIS.TEX
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